The Facts about Health and Wellness
When
polled about important social values, 99 percent of adults in the United States
identified “being in good health” as one of their major concerns. Two other
concerns expressed most often were good family life and good selfimage. The one
percent who did not identify good health as an important concern had no opinion
on any social issues. Among those polled, none felt that good health was
unimportant. Results of surveys in Canada and other Western nations show
similar commitments to good health.
Reducing
health disparities among adults over 18 is a major national health goal. We
have some distance to go in accomplishing this goal because health varies
widely depending on income, gender, age, and family origin. Self-ratings of
health have been shown to be good general indicators of health status. When
asked to rate health as excellent, good, fair, or poor, more than a few adults
indicated that their health was only fair or poor (see Figure 1). It is evident
that many more people in poor or near-poor income groups are considered to be
fair or poor in health as opposed to good or excellent. African Americans and
Hispanics are more often classified as fair or poor in health than white
non-Hispanics. Minority women are also likely to be classified as fair or poor
in health. Though not indicated in Figure 1, there is good evidence that older adults
are especially likely to report poor health and wellness. An important national
health goal is to increase the number of healthy days people have each month.
Over 50 years ago, the World
Health Organization defined health as being more than freedom from illness,
disease, and debilitating conditions. In recent years, public health experts
Concept 1 Health, Wellness, Fitness, and Healthy Lifestyles: An Introduction 3
Health Health is optimal well-being that contributes to quality of life. It is
more than freedom from disease and illness, though freedom from disease is
important to good health. Optimal health includes high-level mental, social,
emotional, spiritual, and physical wellness within the limits of one’s heredity
and personal abilities. Healthy days A self-rating
Many illnesses are curable and
may have only a temporary effect on health. Others, such as diabetes, are not
curable but can be managed with proper eating, physical activity, and sound
medical supervision. It should be noted that those possessing manageable
conditions may be more at risk for other health problems, so proper management
is essential. For example, unmanaged diabetes is associated with high risk for
heart disease and other health problems.
Death, disease, illness, and debilitating
conditions are negative components that detract from optimal health. Death is
the ultimate opposite of optimal health. Disease, illness, and debilitating
conditions obviously detract from optimal health. Wellness has been recognized
as the positive component of optimal health as evidenced by a sense of
well-being reflected in optimal functioning, a good quality of life, meaningful
work, and a contribution to society (see Figure 4). Wellness allows the
expansion of one’s potential to live and work effectively and to make a
significant contribution to society. Health and
The dimensions of health and wellness include
the emotional (mental), intellectual, physical, social, and spiritual. Figure 5
illustrates the importance of each dimension to total wellness. Throughout this
book, references will be made to these wellness dimensions (see Table 1) to
help reinforce their importance.
Wellness reflects how one feels about life as well
as one’s ability to function effectively.
A positive total outlook on life
is essential to wellness and each of the wellness dimensions. A “well” person
is satisfied in his/her work, is spiritually fulfilled, enjoys leisure time, is
physically fit, is socially involved, and has a positive emotional-mental
outlook. This person is happy and fulfilled. Many experts believe that a
positive total outlook is a key to wellness (see Table 2). The way one
perceives each of the dimensions of wellness affects total outlook. Researchersuse the term selfperceptions to describe these feelings. Many researchers
believe that self-perceptions about wellness are more important than actual
ability. For example, a person who has an important job may find less meaning
and job satisfaction than another person with a much less important job.
Apparently, one of the important factors for a person who has achieved
high-level wellness and a positive life’s outlook is the ability to reward
himself/herself. Some people, however, seem unable to give themselves credit
for their life’s experiences. The development of a system that allows a person
to positively perceive the self is important. Of course, the adoption of
positive lifestyles that encourage improved self-perceptions is also important.
The questionnaire in the Lab 1A will help you assess your selfperceptions of
the various wellness dimensions. For optimal wellness, it would be important to
find positive feelings about each dimension.
Emotional Health—A person with emotional health is (1) free from emotional-mental
illnesses or debilitating conditions such as clinical depression and (2)
possesses emotional wellness. The goals for the nation’s health refer to mental
rather than emotional health and wellness. In this book, mental health and
wellness are considered to be the same as emotional health and wellness.
Emotional wellness—Emotional
wellness is a person’s ability to cope with daily circumstances and to deal
with personal feelings in a positive, optimistic, and constructive manner. A
person with emotional wellness is generally characterized as happy, as opposed
to depressed.
Intellectual health—A person with
intellectual health is free from illnesses that invade the brain and other
systems that allow learning. A person with intellectual health also possesses
intellectual wellness.
Intellectual
wellness—Intellectual wellness is a person’s ability to learn and to use
information to enhance the quality of daily living and optimal functioning. A
person with intellectual wellness is generally characterized as informed, as
opposed to ignorant. Physical health—A person with physical health is free from
illnesses that affect the physiological systems of the body such as the heart,
the nervous system, etc. A person with physical health possesses an adequate
level of physical fitness and physical wellness.
Physical wellness—Physical
wellness is a person’s ability to function effectively in meeting the demands
of the day’s work and to use free time effectively. Physical wellness includes
good physical fitness and the possession of useful motor skills. A person with
physical wellness is generally characterized as fit versus unfit.
Social health—A person with
social health is free from illnesses or conditions that severely limit
functioning in society, including antisocial pathologies.
Social wellness—Social wellness is a person’s
ability to successfully interact with others and to establish meaningful
relationships that enhance the quality of life for all people involved in the
interaction (including self). A person with social wellness is generally
characterized as involved as opposed to lonely.
Spiritual health—Spiritual health
is the one component of health that is totally comprised of the wellness
dimension; for this reason, spiritual health is considered to be synonymous
with spiritual wellness.
Spiritual wellness—A person’s
ability to establish a values system and act on the system of beliefs, as well
as to establish and carry out meaningful and constructive lifetime goals.
Spiritual wellness is often based on a belief in a force greater than the
individual that helps one contribute to an improved quality of life for all
people. A person with spiritual wellness is generally characterized as
fulfilled as opposed to unfulfilled.
Wellness: Wellness is the integration of many different components (mental, social, emotional, spiritual, and physical) that expand one’s potential to live (quality of life) and work effectively and to make a significant contribution to society. Wellness reflects how one feels (a sense of well-being) about life as well as one’s ability to function effectively. Wellness, as opposed to illness (a negative), is sometimes described as the positive component of good health.
Quality of Life A term used to describe wellness. An
individual with quality of life can enjoyably do the activities of life with
little or no limitation and can function independently. Individual quality of
life requires a pleasant and supportive community. Activity days A self-rating
of the number of days (per week or month) a person feels that he/she can
perform usual daily activities successfully and in good health. Illness Illness
is the ill feeling and/or symptoms associated with a disease or circumstances
that upset homeostasis. Lifestyles Lifestyles are patterns of behavior or ways
an individual typically lives.
The segmented pictures of health
and wellness shown in Figure 5 and Table 2 are used only to illustrate the
multidimensional nature of health and wellness. In reality, health, nd its
positive component (wellness), is an integrated state of being that is best
depicted as many threads that can be woven together to produce a larger,
integrated fabric. Each specific dimension relates to each of the others and
overlaps all others. The overlap is so frequent and so great that the specific
contribution of each thread is almost indistinguishable when looking at the
total (Figure 6). The total is clearly greater than the sum of the parts.
and its positive component
(wellness), is an integrated state of being that is best depicted as many
threads that can be woven together to produce a larger, integrated fabric. Each
specific dimension relates to each of the others and overlaps all others. The
overlap is so frequent and so great that the specific contribution of each
thread is almost indistinguishable when looking at the total (Figure 6). The
total is clearly greater than the sum of the parts.
Each individual is different from all others.
Health and wellness depend on each person’s individual characteristics. Making
comparisons to other people on specific individual characteristics may produce
feelings of inadequacy that detract from one’s profile of total health and
wellness. Each of us has personal limitations and personal strengths. Focusing
on strengths and learning to accommodate weaknesses are essential keys to
optimal health and wellness. It is possible to possess wellness while being ill
or possessing a debilitating condition. All people can benefit from enhanced
wellness. Wellness and an improved quality of life are possible for everyone,
regardless of disease states. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that people
with a positive outlook are better able to resist the progress of disease and
illness than those with a negative outlook. Thinking positive thoughts has been
associated with enhanced results from various medical treatments and better
results from surgical procedures. Because self-perceptions are important to
wellness, positive perceptions of self are especially important to the wellness
of people with disease, illness, and disability. The concepts of wellness and
optimal health must be considered in light of one’s heredity and personal
disabilities and disease states. Figure 7 illustrates the fact that the most
desirable condition is buoyant health (a) including freedom from illness and a
high level of wellness. However, a person with a physical illness but who
possesses a good wellness (b) has a better overall health status than a person
with no illness but poor wellness (c).
Unfortunately, some individuals and groups
have tried to identify wellness with products and services that promise
benefits that cannot be documented. Because “well-being” is a subjective
feeling that is hard to document, it is easy for quacks to make claims of
improved wellness for their product or service without facts to back them up.
Holistic health is a term that is similarly abused. Optimal health includes
many areas, thus the term holistic (total) is appropriate. In fact, the word
health originates from a root word meaning “wholeness.” Unfortunately, many
quacks include their questionable health practices under this guise of
“holistic health.” Care should be used when considering services and products
that make claims of wellness and/or holistic health to be sure that they are
legitimate. Facts about Physical Fitness Physical fitness is a multidimensional
state of being. Physical fitness's the body’s ability to function efficiently
and effectively. It is a state of being that consists of at least five
health-related and six skill-related, physical fitness components, each of
which contributes to total quality of life. Physical fitness is associated with
a person’s ability to work effectively, enjoy leisure time, be healthy, resist
hypo kinetic diseases, and meet emergency situations. It is related to, but different
from, health and wellness. Although the development of physical fitness is the
result of many things, optimal physical fitness is not possible without regular
physical activity.
The health-related components of
physical fitness are directly associated with good health.
The five components of
health-related physical fitness are body composition, cardiovascular fitness,
flexibility, muscular endurance, and strength (see Table 3). Each health
related fitness characteristic has a direct relationship to good health and
reduced risk of hypokinetic disease.
Body composition— The relative percentage of muscle, fat, bone, and other tissues that comprise the body. A fit person has a relatively low, but not too low, percentage of body fat (body fatness).
Body composition— The relative percentage of muscle, fat, bone, and other tissues that comprise the body. A fit person has a relatively low, but not too low, percentage of body fat (body fatness).
Physical fitness is the body’s
ability to function efficiently and effectively. It consists of health-related
physical fitness and skill related physical fitness, which have at least 11
different components, each of which contributes to total quality of life.
Physical fitness also includes metabolic fitness (see page 9). Physical fitness
is associated with a person’s ability to work effectively, enjoy leisure time,
be healthy, resist hypo kinetic diseases, and meet emergency situations. It is
related to, but different from health, wellness, and the psychological,
sociological, emotional, and spiritual components of fitness. Although the
development of physical fitness is the result of many things, optimal physical
fitness is not possible without regular exercise.
1.Body composition— The relative
percentage of muscle, fat, bone, and other tissues that comprise the body. A
fit person has a relatively low, but not too low, percentage of body fat (body
fatness).
2.Muscular Endurance— The ability
of the muscles to repeatedly exert themselves. A fit person can repeat
movements for a long period without undue fatigue.
3. Strength—The ability of the
muscles to exert an external force or to lift a heavy weight. A fit person can
do work or play that involves exerting force, such as lifting or controlling
one’s own body weight.
4.Cardiovascular fitness—The
ability of the heart, blood vessels, blood, and respiratory system to supply
fuel and oxygen to the muscles and the ability of the muscles to utilize fuel
to allow sustained exercise. A fit person can persist in physical activity for
relatively long periods without undue stress.
5.Flexibility—The range of motion
available in a joint. It is affected by muscle length, joint structure, and
other factors. A fit person can move the body joints through a full range of
motion in work and in play
Agility—The ability to rapidly
and accurately change the direction of the movement of the entire body in
space. Skiing and wrestling are examples of act
Power—The ability to transfer
energy into force at a fast rate. Throwing the discus and putting the shot are
activities that require considerable power.
Balance—The maintenance of
equilibrium while stationary or while moving. Water skiing, performing on the
balance beam, or working as a riveter on a high-rise building are activities
that require exceptional balance.
Reaction time—The time elapsed
between stimulation and the beginning of reaction to that stimulation. Driving
a racing car and starting a sprint race require good reaction time.
Coordination—The ability to use
the senses with the body parts to perform motor tasks smoothly and accurately.
Juggling, hitting a golf ball, batting a baseball, or kicking a ball are
examples of activities requiring good coordination.
Speed—The ability to perform a
movement in a short period of time. A runner on a track team or a wide receiver
on a football team needs good foot and leg speed.
Hypo means “under” or “too little,” and
-kinetic means “movement” or “activity”. Thus, hypo kinetic means “too little
activity.” A hypo kinetic disease or condition is one associated with lack of
physical activity or too little regular exercise. Examples of such conditions
include heart disease, low back pain, adult-onset diabetes, and obesity Possessing
a moderate amount of each component of health-related fitness is essential to
disease prevention and health promotion, but it is not essential to haveexceptionally high levels of fitness to achieve health benefits. High levels ofhealth-related fitness relate more to performance than health benefits. For
example, moderate amounts of strength are necessary to prevent back and posture
problems, whereas high levels of strength contribute most to improved
performance in activities such as football and jobs involving heavy lifting.
The skill-related components of
physical fitness are more associated with performance than good health. The
components of skill-related physical fitness are agility, balance,
coordination, power, reaction time, and speed (see Table 4). They are called
skill-related because people who possess them find it easy to achieve high
levels of performance in motor
skills, such as those required in sports and in specific types of jobs.
Skill-related fitness is sometimes called sports fitness or motor fitness.
There is little doubt that there are other abilities that could be classified
as skill-related fitness components. Also, each part of skill-related fitness
is multidimensional. For example, coordination could be hand-eye coordination
such as batting a ball, foot-eye coordination such as kicking a ball, or any of
many other possibilities. The six parts of skill-related fitness identified
here are those that are commonly associated with successful sports and work
performance. It should be noted that each could be measured in ways other than
those presented in this book. Measurements are provided to help the reader
understand the nature of total physical fitness and to help the reader make
important decisions about lifetime physical activity.
Research studies show that health
benefits often occur even without dramatic improvements in traditional health-related
physical fitness measures.
Metabolic fitness is a state of being
associated with lower risk of many chronic health problems, but not necessarily
associated with high performance levels of health-related physical fitness.
Examples of nonperformance indicators of reduced risk are lowered blood
pressure, lowered fat levels in the blood, and better regulation of bloodsugar. Moderate physical activity has been shown to enhance metabolic fitness.
Conventional wisdom classifies body composition as a component of
health-related physical fitness, but some consider it to be a part of metabolic
fitness because it is a nonperformance measure, and it is highly related to
nutrition as well as physical activity. You will learn how to assess your
metabolic fitness in subsequent concepts.
Bone integrity is often
considered to be a nonperformance measure of fitness. Traditional definitions
do not include bone integrity as a part of physical fitness, but some experts
feel that it should be. Like metabolic fitness, bone integrity cannot be
assessed with performance measures as can most health-related fitness parts.
Regardless of whether it is considered as a part of fitness or a component of
health, there is little doubt that strong healthy bones are important to optimal
health and are associated with regular physical activity and sound diet.
The many components of physical
fitness are specific in nature, but are also interrelated. Physical fitness is
a combination of several aspects rather than a single characteristic. A fit
person possesses at least adequate levels of each of the health-related,
skill-related, and metabolic fitness components. People who possess one aspect
of physical fitness do not necessarily possess the other aspects. Some
relationships exist among different fitness characteristics, but each of the
components of physical fitness is separate and different from the others. For
example, people who possess exceptional strength do not necessarily have good
cardiovascular fitness, and those who have good coordination do not necessarily
possess good flexibility. Lab 1B is designed to help you distinguish among the
different parts of health-related and skill-related physical fitness. A
separate questionnaire helps you estimate your current fitness levels.
Good physical fitness isimportant too, but it is not the same as physical health and wellness. Good
physical fitness contributes directly to the physical component of good health
and wellness, and indirectly to the other four components. Good fitness has
been shown to be associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease and has been shown to reduce the
Metabolic Fitness Metabolic
fitness is a positive state of the physiological systems commonly associated
with reduced risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.
Metabolic fitness is evidenced by healthy blood fat (lipid) profiles, healthy
blood pressure, healthy blood sugar and insulin levels, and other
nonperformance measures. This type of fitness shows positive responses to
moderate physical activity. Bone Integrity Soundness of the bones associated
with high density and absence of symptoms of deterioration. consequences of
many debilitating conditions. In addition, good fitness contributes to wellness
by helping us look our best, feel good, and enjoy life. Other physical factorscan also influence health and wellness. For example, having good physical
skills enhances quality of life by allowing us to participate in enjoyable
activities such as tennis, golf, and bowling. While fitness can assist in
performing these activities, regular practice is also necessary. Another
example is the ability to fight off viral and bacterial infections. While
fitness can promote a strong immune system, other physical factors can
influence our susceptibility to these and other conditions. For optimal health
and wellness it is important to have good physical fitness and physical
wellness. It is also important to strive for good emotional (mental), social,
spiritual, and intellectual health and wellness. The Facts about Healthy
Lifestyles Lifestyle change, more than any other factor, is considered to be
the best way of preventing illness and early death in our society. When people
in Western society die before the age of 65, it is considered to be early or
premature death. Many factors contribute to early death in Western culture. By
far the most important is unhealthy lifestyles that contribute to more than
one-half of all early deaths. Eleven healthy lifestyles have been identified
that are associated with reduced disease risk and increased wellness. As shown
in Figure 8, these lifestyles affect health, wellness, and physical fitness.
The double-headed arrow between health and wellness and physical fitness
illustrate the interaction between these factors. Physical fitness is important
to health and wellness development, and vice versa. Others factors, some not as
much in your control as healthy lifestyles, also affect your health, fitness,
and wellness. These factors include environmental factors (e.g., pollution,
contaminants in the workplace), human biology (inherited conditions), and
inadequacies in the health-care system, to name but a few.
consequences of many debilitating
conditions. In addition, good fitness contributes to wellness by helping uslook our best, feel good, and enjoy life. Other physical factors can also
influence health and wellness. For example, having good physical skills
enhances quality of life by allowing us to participate in enjoyable activities
such as tennis, golf, and bowling. While fitness can assist in performing these
activities, regular practice is also necessary. Another example is the ability
to fight off viral and bacterial infections. While fitness can promote a strong
immune system, other physical factors can influence our susceptibility to these
and other conditions. For optimal health and wellness it is important to have
good physical fitness and physical wellness. It is also important to strive for
good emotional (mental), social, spiritual, and intellectual health and
wellness.
Lifestyle change, more than any
other factor, is considered to be the best way of preventing illness and early
death in our society.
When people in Western society
die before the age of 65, it is considered to be early or premature death. Many
factors contribute to early death in Western culture. By far the most important
is unhealthy lifestyles that contribute to more than one-half of all early
deaths. Eleven healthy lifestyles have been identified that are associated with
reduced disease risk and increased wellness. As shown in Figure 8, these
lifestyles affect health, wellness, and physical fitness. The double-headed
arrow between health and wellness and physical fitness illustrate the
interaction between these factors. Physical fitness is important to health and
wellness development, and vice versa. Others factors, some not as much in your
control as healthy lifestyles, also affect your health, fitness, and wellness.
These factors include environmental factors (e.g., pollution, contaminants in
the workplace), human biology (inherited conditions), and inadequacies in the
health-care system, to name but a few.
Just as unhealthy lifestyles are
the principal causes of modern-day illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, and
diabetes, healthy lifestyles can result in an improved feeling of wellness that
is critical to optimal health. In recognizing the importance of “years of
healthy life,” the Public Health Service also recognizes what it calls
“measures of well-being.” This well-being or wellness is associated with
social, mental, spiritual, and physical functioning. Being physically active
and eating well are two examples of healthy lifestyles that can improve
well-being and add years of quality living. Many of the healthy lifestyles
associated with good physical fitness and optimal wellness will be discussed in
detail later in this book. The Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire at the end if this
concept gives you the opportunity to assess your current lifestyles. Regular
physical activity, sound nutrition, and stress management are considered to be
priority healthy lifestyles. Three of the healthy lifestyles listed in Figure 8
are considered to be priority healthy lifestyles. These are regular physical
activity (exercise), eating well, and managing stress. There are several
reasons for placing priority on these lifestyles. First, they are behaviors
that affect the lives of all people. Second, they are lifestyles in which large
numbers of people can make improvement. Finally, modest changes in these
behaviors can make dramatic improvements in individual and public health. To be
sure, the other healthy lifestyles listed in Figure 8 are important. For
example people who use tobacco, abuse drugs (including alcohol), or practice
unsafe sex can have immediate and dramatic health benefits by changing these
behaviors. On the other hand, large segments of the population do not have
problems in these areas. Obviously, these people cannot benefit from lifestyle
changes in these areas. However, the majority of the population can benefit
from increasing their activity level, eating a better diet, and managing
personal stress. For example, statistics suggest that modest changes in
physical activity patterns and nutrition can prevent more than 200,000
premature death annually. Similarly, learning to manage stresses that all of us
face on a daily basis can result in significant reductions in more than a few
health problems. Stress has a major impact on drug, alcohol, and smoking
behavior so managing stress can help individuals minimize or avoid these
behaviors. Many healthy lifestyles will be discussed in this book, but the
focus is on the priority healthy lifestyles because virtually all people can
achieve positive wellness benefits if they adopt them.
The change in causes of illness
and the new emphasis on fitness, wellness, and healthy lifestyles have resulted
in a shift toward prevention and promotion.
Early medicine focused on
treatment of disease. Physicians were scarce and were consulted only when
illness occurred. A shift toward prevention began with advancements in medical
science (e.g., immunizations, antibiotics) and the development of public health
efforts (e.g., safe water supplies). Now more than at any other time in
history, efforts are being made to promote healthy lifestyles that lead to
fitness and wellness. In this text, the emphasis will be on strategies for
preventing chronic diseases and promoting fitness and wellness.
Early medicine focused on
treatment of disease. Physicians were scarce and were consulted only when
illness occurred. A shift toward prevention began with advancements in medical
science (e.g., immunizations, antibiotics) and the development of public health
efforts (e.g., safe water supplies). Now more than at any other time in
history, efforts are being made to promote healthy lifestyles that lead to
fitness and wellness. In this text, the emphasis will be on strategies for preventing
chronic diseases and promoting fitness and wellness.
The HELP Philosophy: The Facts
The HELP Philosophy
H = Health
E = Everyone
L = Lifetime
The H in HELP stands for
“health.” One theory that has been extensively tested indicates that people who
believe in the benefits of healthy lifestyles are more likely to engage in
healthy behaviors. The theory also suggests that people who state intentions to
put their beliefs in action are likely to adopt behaviors that lead to health,
wellness, and fitness.
The E in HELP stands for
“everyone.” Accepting the fact that anyone can change a behavior or lifestyle
means that YOU are included. Nevertheless, many adults feel ineffective in
making lifestyle changes. Physical activity is not just for athletes—it is for
all people. Eating well is not just for other people—you can do it too. All
people can learn stressmanagement techniques. Healthy lifestyles can be
practiced by everyone. As noted earlier in this concept, important health goals
include eliminating health disparities and promoting “Health for All.” Healthy
behaviors are most effective when practiced for a Lifetime. The L in HELP
stands for “lifetime.” Young people sometimes feel immortal because the harmful
effects of unhealthy lifestyles are often not immediate. As we grow older, we
begin to realize that we are not immortal and that unhealthy lifestyles have
cumulative negative effects. Starting early in life to emphasize healthy
behaviors results in long-term P = Personal
The HELP philosophy can provide a
basis for making healthy lifestyle change possible.
The four-letter acronym
illustrated in Table 6 provides a basis for a philosophy that has helped
thousands of people adopt healthy lifestyles. Each letter in the word HELPcharacterizes an important part of the philosophy health, wellness, and fitness
benefits. One recent study shows that the longer healthy lifestyles are
practiced, the greater the beneficial effects. This study also demonstrated
that longterm healthy lifestyles can even overcome hereditary predisposition to
illness and disease.
The P in HELP stands for
“personal.” No two people are exactly alike. Just as there is no single pill
that will cure all illnesses, there is no single lifestyle prescription for
good health, wellness, and fitness. It is important for each person to assess
personal needs and make lifestyle changes based on those needs.
Self-assessments of lifestyles
will help you determine areas in which you may need changes to promote optimal
health, wellness, and fitness.
As you begin your study of
health, wellness, fitness, and healthy lifestyles, it is wise to make a
self-assessment of your current behaviors. The Healthy Lifestyle Questionnairein the lab resource materials will allow you to assess your current lifestyle
behaviors to determine if they are contributing positively to your health,
wellness, and fitness. Because this questionnaire contains some very personal
information, answering all questions honestly will help you get an accurate
assessment. As you continue your study, you may want to refer back to this
questionnaire to see if your lifestyles have changed. Initial self-assessments
of wellness and fitness will provide information for selfcomparison.
0 comments:
Post a Comment